Придаточные условия, относящиеся к настоящему и прошлому; их сравнение

 1. Употребление придаточных условных предложений 2го и 3го типа

Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния 2го типа (conditionals entences II) ис­поль­зу­ют­ся, когда мы го­во­рим о во­об­ра­жа­е­мом факте в на­сто­я­щем, или о факте в бу­ду­щем, ко­то­рый, ско­рее всего, не про­изой­дет. Кроме того, услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния 2го типа ис­поль­зу­ют­ся, когда мы даем совет по мо­де­ли – «На твоем месте я бы…».

Такие пред­ло­же­ния об­ра­зу­ют­ся сле­ду­ю­щим об­ра­зом: If + pastsimple (pastcontinuous), would + verb

При­мер:

If I won a lottery, I would travel around the world. – Если бы я вы­иг­рал ло­те­рею, я бы по­ехал пу­те­ше­ство­вать во­круг света.

Рис. 1. Ил­лю­стра­ция «If I won a lottery»

Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния 3го типа (conditional sentences III) ис­поль­зу­ют­ся, когда мы го­во­рим о не слу­чив­шем­ся факте в про­шлом. Ино­гда пред­ло­же­ния в этом услов­ном типе вы­ра­жа­ют со­жа­ле­ние о том, что не слу­чи­лось в про­шлом.

Такие пред­ло­же­ния об­ра­зу­ют­ся сле­ду­ю­щим об­ра­зом: If + pastperfect, would + presentperfect

При­мер:

If I hadn’t stopped the car, there would have been an accident.

Рис. 2. Ил­лю­стра­ция «If I hadn’t stopped the car»

При­ме­ча­ние: вме­сто would могут сто­ять could и might.

 

2. Образование придаточных условных предложений 2го и 3го типа

По­тре­ни­ру­ем­ся об­ра­зо­вы­вать пред­ло­же­ния 2го типа на за­да­ни­ях:

What would you do if you won $1.000.000?

You have some possibilities:

- Buy a sports car;

- Give money for charity;

- Travel around the world;

- Buy new clothes;

- Give the money to parents;

- Share the money with friends;

- Use the money for education.

Now make sentences using the prompts.

Пра­виль­ные от­ве­ты:

1) If I won $1.000.000, I would buy a sports car.

2) If I won $1.000.000, I would give money for charity.

3) If I won $1.000.000, I would travel around the world.

4) If I won $1.000.000, I would buy new clothes.

5) If I won $1.000.000, I would give the money to parents.

6) If I won $1.000.000, I would share the money with friends.

7) If I won $1.000.000, I would use the money for education.

 

Те­перь по­тре­ни­ру­ем­ся об­ра­зо­вы­вать пред­ло­же­ния 3го типа на за­да­ни­ях:

What your life would have been, if you had been born in the Iron Age?

You have some ideas to use. How would you answer these questions?

- Would you have used gas to cook your meals on?

- Would you have hunted for food?

- Would you have had more friends?

- Would you have used iron tools?

- Would you have made your own entertainment?

Пра­виль­ные от­ве­ты:

1) I wouldn’t have used gas to cook my meals on if I had been born in the Iron Age.

2) I would have hunted for food if I had been born in the Iron Age.

3) I wouldn’t have had more friends if I had been born in the Iron Age.

4) I would have used iron tools if I had been born in the Iron Age.

5) I would have made my own entertainment if I had been born in the Iron Age.

Чтобы быст­рее за­пом­нить пра­ви­ло об­ра­зо­ва­ния 2го и 3го типа услов­ных пред­ло­же­ний, об­ра­ти­те вни­ма­ние, что во 2ом типе ис­поль­зу­ет­ся гла­гол во 2ой форме, а в 3ем типе – гла­гол в 3ей форме:

Type 2: If … V₂ (Past Simple), would V₁

Type 3: If … had V₃ (Past Perfect), would have V₃

 3. Практические задания

По­тре­ни­ру­ем­ся на за­да­ни­ях:

1) I (not to confide) in her, if I had known that she was a gossip girl.

2) If I (be) a doctor, I would help people.

3) If Hitler (not to be born), there might have been no World War II.

4) I’d ask someone for help, if I (be) you.

5) If she hadn’t got lost, she (come) on time.

Пра­виль­ные от­ве­ты:

1) I wouldn't have confided in her, if I had known that she was a gossip girl.

2) If I were a doctor, I would help people.

3) If Hitler hadn’t been born, there might have been no World War II.

4) I’d ask someone for help, if I were you.

5) If she hadn’t got lost, she would have come on time.

Вопросы к конспектам