Фразовые глаголы. Неделимые переходные
1. Фразовые глаголы
Давайте сначала вспомним все, что мы уже знаем о фразовых глаголах.
Фразовый глагол – это сочетание простого глагола, состоящего из одного слова, и предлога или наречия, а иногда и того и другого.
Поскольку фразовый глагол – это идиома, он не может быть переведен дословно, хотя в редких случаях дословный перевод может помочь понять приблизительное значение выражения.
Иногда фразовые глаголы являются эквивалентами русских глаголов с приставками.
Пример:
walk (ходить) – walk in (входить)
cut (резать) – cut off (отрезать)
give (давать) – give away (выдавать)
Значение фразового глагола обычно сильно отличается от значения того глагола, от которого он образован.
Пример:
take (брать) – take off (взлетать)
turn (поворачивать) – turn down (отклонять, отвергать)
give (давать) – give up (бросать, сдаваться)
2. Переходные и непереходные фразовые глаголы
Фразовые глаголы, как и обычные, могут быть переходными (transitive) и непереходными (intransitive).
Переходные глаголы – это глаголы, которые могут иметь прямое дополнение в винительном падеже без предлога.
Иногда один и тот же фразовый глагол может быть как переходным, так и непереходным.
Пример:
My car has just broken down. - У меня только что сломалась машина.
They can’t break us down. - Они не могут нас сломить.
3. Разделяемые фразовые глаголы
На прошлом занятии мы с вами рассмотрели разделяемые (separable) фразовые глаголы. Это переходные фразовые глаголы, которые состоят из двух частей и могут быть разделены прямым дополнением.
Пример:
ask someone out
call something up
give something away
4. Неразделяемые фразовые глаголы
На данном занятии мы с вами рассмотрим неразделяемые (inseparable) фразовые глаголы, которые не могут быть разделены прямым дополнением.
Пример:
disagree with (не соглашаться с)
tell on (доносить на)
get on (садиться на)
get off (слезать с)
look after (присматривать за)
care for (заботиться о)
hear from (получить ответ от)
run into (столкнуться с)
Рассмотрите примеры правильного и неправильного использования неразделяемых фразовых глаголов:
1. He ran into the tree – Correct.
He ran the tree into. – Incorrect.
2. The child will tell on the bully so that the teacher punishes him. – Correct.
The child will tell the bully on so that the teacher punishes him. – Incorrect.
Пример:
My mother promised to look after my dog while I was gone. – Мама обещала присмотреть за собакой, пока меня не было.
I ran across my roommate in a cafe. – Я случайно встретил своего бывшего соседа по комнате в кафе.
My second son seems to take after his father. – Мой второй сын больше похож на своего отца.
It seems strange to see my old boss wait on tables. – Я очень удивился, увидев, что мой бывший начальник работает официантом.
The students went over the material before the exam. – Студенты повторили пройденный материал перед экзаменом.
Phrasal verbs
Here’s a list of 15 inseparable phrasal verbs in English, with example sentences. This is just to give you an idea of how to use them in your speech.
back out of (something) – fail to keep a commitment
e.g. The client backed out of the deal at the last minute.
came across (something) – find accidentally
e.g. While cleaning the house, I came across a check I had forgotten to deposit.
count on (something / someone) – depend on, rely on
e.g. I’m counting on you to send me the information by the end of the day – I need it as soon as possible.
fill in for (someone) – substitute for
e.g. The president of the company is travelling, so the vice-president is filling in for him at the meeting.
get rid of (something) – eliminate, throw away
e.g. We have rats in the house – we need to call the exterminator to get rid of them.
go over (something) – review
e.g. Before the test, let’s go over the topic of phrasal verbs.
look after (something / someone) – take care of
e.g. I can’t go out tonight because I’m looking after my sister’s children.
look forward to (something) – feel happy / excited about something in the future
e.g. I’m really looking forward to our family vacation in Florida – it’s going to be awesome.
look into (something) – investigate
e.g. I’m looking into the possibility of taking an intensive English course in Australia next year.
put up with (something / someone) – tolerate something, someone unpleasant
e.g. One of my colleagues is not very nice, but we put up with him because he does excellent work.
run into (someone) – meet unexpectedly
e.g. I ran into my ex-boyfriend at the supermarket – that was an unpleasant surprise.
settle on (something) – decide on, choose
e.g. I was debating what type of fitness class to take, and I finally settled on yoga.
take after (someone) – resemble in looks or personality
e.g. She’s very friendly and extraverted – she takes after her mother.
touch on (something) – mention briefly during a speech or discussion
e.g. We touched on the issue of employee satisfaction during the meeting, but we didn’t go into much detail.
turninto (something) – become
e.g. The caterpillar turned into a butterfly.
5. Практическое задание
Проверим, насколько хорошо вы поняли идею неразделимых фразовых глаголов.
Choose whether or not each phrasal verb is separable or not separable (in the context of each sentence). If both responses are acceptable, choose Both are correct.
1. Which is correct?
a) I made up a story.
b) I made that story up.
c) Both are correct.
2. Which is correct?
a) I drove to his house up.
b) I drove up to his house.
c) Both are correct.
3. Which is correct?
a) The police blew up a car.
b) The police blew the car up.
c) Both are correct.
4. Which is correct?
a) The thieves broke in at around midnight.
b) The thieves broke at around midnight in.
c) Both are correct.
5. Which is correct?
a) Are you going to come back later?
b) Are you going to come later back?
c) Both are correct.
6. Which is correct?
a) I was trying to speak, but he cut off me.
b) I was trying to speak, but he cut me off.
c) Both are correct.
7. Which is correct?
a) I mix up those words all the time.
b) I mix those words up all the time.
c) Both are correct.
8. Which is correct?
a) Thomas’ grandfather passed away last month.
b) Thomas’ grandfather passed last month away.
c) Both are correct.
9. Which is correct?
a) Pass out (=distribute) these forms!
b) Pass these forms out!
c) Both are correct.
10. Which is correct?
a) We took off after breakfast.
b) We took after breakfast off.
c) Both are correct.
Check yourself – 1C, 2B, 3C, 4A, 5A, 6B, 7C, 8A, 9C, 10A
Вопросы к конспектам
Fill in the gaps:
1. I get___ the bus every morning at the corner of 32nd Street and get___ at 27th Street.
2. He is a decent person now. He has given __ drinking and smoking.
3. He kept ___ telling me the same story over and over.
4. Pete looked everywhere ___ the book which he had lost.
5. In the dark it was hard for me to make ___ the numbers on the houses.
6. Be sure to put ___ the light when you go to sleep.
7. They ran ___ Mary at the exhibition yesterday.
8. In his gloomy nature, Andrew takes ___ his father rather than his mother.
9. I can't get ___ her manner of speaking. I think she talks too fast and too much.
10. You should look ___ all unfamiliar words in a dictionary.
* Replace in verbs in bold with appropriate phrasal verbs:
1. How did the prisoners escape?
2. If you want a passport, you must complete this form.
3. I can’t reach the books at the back of the cupboard.
4. Wait! I’m coming!
5. The bomb exploded just before midnight.
6. The teacher erased the words that were wrong.
7. You can consult the meaning of the words in a dictionary.
8. Has Philip returned the books that he borrowed?
9. At the end of the day the children stored their toys.
10. I’m really glad that you’ve stopped smoking.
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