Модальные глаголы в косвенной речи. Modals in Reported Speech

 Понятие о модальных глаголах и косвенной речи

К мо­даль­ным гла­го­лам от­но­сят­ся такие гла­го­лы, как can, must, may, should и т. д. Мо­даль­ные кон­струк­ции – это have to, be supposed to.

Вы на­вер­ня­ка пом­ни­те, что в кос­вен­ной речи вре­ме­на ме­ня­ют­ся от­но­си­тель­но тех, что были в пря­мой речи (e.g. Present Simple → Past Simple).

 Needn't in reported speech

Мо­даль­ный гла­гол needn’t обыч­но не из­ме­ня­ет­ся в кос­вен­ной речи.

При­мер:

‘You needn’t come again’, he said.

He said that you needn’t come again.

Од­на­ко также до­пу­сти­мо ис­поль­зо­вать формы didn’t need/didn’t have to/wouldn’t have to в кос­вен­ной речи.

При­мер:

‘You needn’t go tonight’, he said.

He said that I didn’t need to go last night.

or

He said that I didn’t have to go last night.

‘You needn’t worry about the next meeting’, she said.

She said that I wouldn’t have to worry about the next meeting.

 Изменения модальных глаголов в косвенной речи

Рас­смот­рим, какие из­ме­не­ния будут про­ис­хо­дить с мо­даль­ны­ми гла­го­ла­ми в кос­вен­ной речи:

1. Гла­го­лы might, should, ought to, would, could, had better не из­ме­ня­ют­ся.

При­мер:

He said, ‘Guests might come’. (direct speech)

He said that guests might come. (reported speech)

She said, ‘I should help him’.

She said that she should help him.

He said to me, ‘You ought to wait for him’.

He said to me that I ought to wait for him.

He said, ‘I would start a business’.

He said that he would start a business.

Kate said, ‘I could be wrong’.

Kate said that she could be wrong.

I said Jim, ‘You had better hurry up’.

I told Jim that he had better hurry up.

2. Мо­даль­ные гла­го­лы, за ко­то­ры­ми сле­ду­ет про­дол­жен­ный или пер­фект­ный ин­фи­ни­тив, также не из­ме­ня­ют­ся в кос­вен­ной речи.

При­мер:

‘Jack must have saved a lot of money’, I said.

I said that Jack must have saved a lot of money.

Ellie said, ‘I might have been staying in the sun for too long’.

Ellie said that she might have been staying in the sun for too long’

3. Can → could

При­мер:

He said, ‘I can drive a car’.

He said that he could drive a car.

4. Shall → should/could

При­мер:

Tanya said, ‘What shall we give her as a gift?’

Tanya wondered what they should/could give her as a gift.

5. May → could (permission)/might (possibility)

При­мер:

‘You may not go to the party because there may be drinking there’, my mother said.

My mother told me that I couldn’t go to the party because there might be drinking there.

6. Must → had to

При­мер:

Nick said, ‘I must work hard’.

Nick said that he had to work hard.

При­ме­ча­ние:

Если must вы­ра­жа­ет пред­по­ло­же­ние или ло­ги­че­ский вывод, то он не из­ме­ня­ет­ся в кос­вен­ной речи.

При­мер:

Neil said, ‘I keep forgetting things. I must be getting old’.

Neil said that he must be getting old.

Если в пря­мой речи ис­поль­зу­ет­ся форма mustn’t, то в кос­вен­ной речи она ме­нять­ся не будет.

При­мер:

Chris said, ‘You mustn’t tell my brother’.

Chris told me that I mustn’t tell his brother.

7. Will → would

При­мер:

I said, ‘I will probably be late’.

I said that I would probably be late.

8. Неко­то­рые мо­даль­ные гла­го­лы могут пе­ре­хо­дить в мо­даль­ные вы­ра­же­ния:

Can’t → wouldn’t be able to

При­мер:

I said, ‘Sorry, I can’t solve this problem’.

I said that I wouldn’t be able to solve that problem.

Must → was/were to (to express obligation)

При­мер:

The teacher said to us, ‘You must come on time’.

The teacher told us that we were to come on time.

9. Мо­даль­ные вы­ра­же­ния обыч­но пе­ре­хо­дят в свои про­шед­шие формы:

Have/has to → had to

При­мер:

‘I have to buy new shoes’, I told my brother.

I told my brother that I had to buy new shoes.

Be supposed to → was/were supposed to

При­мер:

‘Sam isn’t supposed to know about the party’, I said.

I said that Sam wasn’t supposed to know about the party.

 Практическое задание

Вы­пол­ни­те за­да­ния, чтобы про­ве­рить, на­сколь­ко хо­ро­шо вы усво­и­ли новую тему.

‘Can we watch the TV news?’

She asked if we ________ watch the TV news.

‘I might be a bit late’.

He said he ______ be a bit late.

‘You must do it now.’

He told me I _______ it then.

‘Will you be coming back?’

She asked me if I _______ be coming back.

‘You should eat more vegetables’.

She said I ______ eat more vegetables.

‘You must have been mistaken’.

He said that I ______ mistaken.

‘Shall I print those reports now?’

She asked me if she ______ print the reports.

‘It may rain later’.

She said it ______ rain later.

‘Would you like a biscuit?’

He asked me if I ______ like a biscuit.

‘You needn’t do it now’.

He said that I _______ do it then.

Про­верь себя: 1. could, 2. might, 3. had to do, 4. would, 5. should, 6. must have been, 7. should, 8. might, 9. would, 10. needn’t/didn’t have to

 Задания повышенной сложности

Rewrite the sentences to make reported speech:

‘I’ll go to the movies tomorrow’, John said

‘You must wear your seatbelt’, mom said to me.

Jane said, ‘I may not be in class tomorrow.’

‘Claire should rest’, said the doctor.

‘You must be tired after such a trip’, Jonas said to us.

George said, ‘I would try it.’

‘You’re not supposed to be here’, the police officer said to Tony.

Linda said, ‘He ought to stay in bed’.

Mother said, ‘He might have been lost’.

‘You’d better stay away from this house’, Mark warned Rita.

Check your answers:

John said he would go to the movies the next day.

My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt.

Jane said she might not be in class the next day.

The doctor said that Claire should rest

Jonas said that we must be tired after such a trip.

George said that he would try it.

The police officer told Tony that he wasn’t supposed to be there.

Linda said that he ought to stay in bed.

Mother said that he might have been lost. 

Вопросы к конспектам