1. Как образуются времена?

Present Perfect Simple

have/has + V3 (третья форма)
Примеры:

• I have finished my homework.

• She has written a letter.

• They have gone home.

Present Perfect Continuous

have/has + been + V-ing
Примеры:

• I have been reading for two hours.

• She has been cooking all morning.

• They have been playing football.

2. Основные значения Present Perfect Simple

 1. Действие произошло в прошлом, результат важен сейчас

• I have lost my keys. — я потерял ключи (и всё ещё их нет).

• She has broken her phone. — и он до сих пор сломан.

 2. Есть жизненный опыт (не важно, когда именно)

• I have been to Italy.

• He has seen this movie.

 3. Действие завершилось

• I have read the book. — закончил.

 4. Действие повторялось много раз

• She has called you three times today.

3. Основные значения Present Perfect Continuous

 1. Действие началось в прошлом и продолжается сейчас

• I have been waiting for you for 20 minutes.

• They have been studying English for 5 years.

 2. Действие только что закончилось, и виден результат

• She is tired because she has been running.

• He is dirty. He has been repairing his bike.

 3. Действие повторяется и раздражает

• You have been interrupting me all the time!

4. В чём ключевая разница?

5. Как правильно выбирать время?

Выбирай Present Perfect Simple, если:

• важен факт: I have done it.

• результат виден: I have cleaned the room. (комната чистая)

• говоришь об опыте: I have tried sushi.

• действие завершено: We have finished the project.

Выбирай Present Perfect Continuous, если:

• важно, как долго длится действие:
  I have been studying for an hour.

• действие продолжается:
  She has been writing since morning.

• есть видимые признаки усилий:
  He is tired. He has been working hard.

6. Подсказки, которые помогут не ошибаться

Используй Present Perfect Continuous, когда:

• есть слова for, since,

• действие ещё продолжается,

• человек выглядит уставшим, грязным, чем-то занятым.

Используй Present Perfect Simple, когда:

• действие завершилось,

• важен результат,

• речь идёт о жизненном опыте.

 Вопросы и задания для самопроверки

A. Теория

1. Как образуется Present Perfect Simple?

2. Как образуется Present Perfect Continuous?

3. Какое время используют для длительного незавершённого действия?

4. В каком времени говорим об опыте: Simple или Continuous?

5. Почему нельзя сказать I have been knowing him for years?

B. Определи время (Simple или Continuous)

Напиши PPS (Present Perfect Simple) или PPC (Present Perfect Continuous):

1. I have been working all day.

2. She has cleaned her room.

3. They have lived here for 10 years.

4. He has been playing football since 3 pm.

5. I have lost my phone.

C. Выбери правильный вариант

1. I ___ (have written / have been writing) two letters today. I’m tired.

2. She ___ (has been cooking / has cooked) since morning. Dinner is not ready yet.

3. We ___ (have visited / have been visiting) Paris twice.

4. Look! He ___ (has run / has been running). He’s sweaty.

5. They ___ (have studied / have been studying) English for 5 years.

D. Исправь ошибки

1. She has been wrote three pages.

2. I have been know this place for years.

3. They have paint the walls.

4. He has been ate my sandwich.

5. We have been see this film before.