Comparative and superlative adjectives. Прилагательные. Степени сравнения прилагательных

 Примеры степеней сравнения прилагательных

Do you agree that ice-cream is better than cake? Or is chocolate the best? Are buses cheaper than planes? Or is walking the cheapest?

Рис. 1. Сте­пе­ни срав­не­ния в ан­глий­ском языке

 Что такое adjective

An adjective (при­ла­га­тель­ное) is a part of speech that describes a person, an object, a place or an animal.

При­мер: tall, smart, hot, long, old, big.

A comparative adjective (срав­ни­тель­ная сте­пень) compares two things.

При­мер:

Ice-cream is better than cakes.

Buses are cheaper than planes.

A superlative form (пре­вос­ход­ная сте­пень) compares more than two things.

При­мер:

Peter is the tallest in his family.

You are the smartest in your class.

Рас­смот­рим сле­ду­ю­щий при­мер: Jane is a smart girl.

При­ла­га­тель­ным в дан­ном пред­ло­же­нии яв­ля­ет­ся слово smart. Оно опи­сы­ва­ет че­ло­ве­ка – Jane. Для об­ра­зо­ва­ния срав­ни­тель­ной сте­пе­ни к этому при­ла­га­тель­но­му необ­хо­ди­мо до­ба­вить окон­ча­ние -er, а для об­ра­зо­ва­ния пре­вос­ход­ной сте­пе­ни – -est.

Об­ра­ти­те вни­ма­ние: мы ис­поль­зу­ем than, когда срав­ни­ва­ем две вещи.

Comparative: Jane is smarter than her sister.

Superlative: Jane is the smartest in her class.

 

 Степени сравнения односложных прилагательных

В за­ви­си­мо­сти от ко­ли­че­ства сло­гов в слове срав­ни­тель­ная и пре­вос­ход­ная сте­пень при­ла­га­тель­ных об­ра­зу­ет­ся двумя раз­ны­ми спо­со­ба­ми.

Так, од­но­слож­ные при­ла­га­тель­ные об­ра­зу­ют сте­пе­ни срав­не­ния при по­мо­щи окон­ча­ний -er (для срав­ни­тель­ной сте­пе­ни) и -est (для пре­вос­ход­ной сте­пе­ни).

Не за­бы­вай­те про ар­тикль the перед пре­вос­ход­ной сте­пе­нью при­ла­га­тель­ных.

При­мер:

Tall – taller – the tallest

Hard – harder – the hardest

Cold – colder – the coldest

Об­ра­ти­те вни­ма­ние, что в неко­то­рых при­ла­га­тель­ных будет удво­е­ние по­след­ней со­глас­ной.

При­мер:

Big – bigger – the biggest

Hot – hotter – the hottest

При­мер:

The weather in Spain is cold – in Russia it is colder – in the Arctic it is the coldest.

This house is big – this one is bigger – and that one is the biggest.

Рис. 2. Срав­ни­тель­ная и пре­вос­ход­ная сте­пе­ни срав­не­ния

 Степени сравнения многосложных прилагательных

Если дву­слож­ное при­ла­га­тель­ное за­кан­чи­ва­ет­ся на -y, то перед окон­ча­ни­ем –er /-est эта y ме­ня­ет­ся на i.

При­мер:

Happy – happier – the happiest

Jane was happier than her sister.

She was the happiest in her team.

Во всех осталь­ных слу­ча­ях пра­ви­ло сле­ду­ю­щее:

Для об­ра­зо­ва­ния срав­ни­тель­ной сте­пе­ни перед при­ла­га­тель­ным ста­вит­ся слово more, а перед пре­вос­ход­ной сте­пе­нью – the most.

Рис. 3. Ис­поль­зо­ва­ние most для об­ра­зо­ва­ния срав­ни­тель­ной сте­пе­ни

При­мер:

Honest – more honest – the most honest

Difficult – more difficult – the most difficult

Russian is difficult to learn. – Arabic is more difficult. – What is the most difficult language to learn?

 

 Review table

 

Comparative / Superlative Adjectives
One-syllable adjective Tall Old Long	Comparative Form Taller Older Longer	Superlative Form The tallest The oldest The longest
·                    My hair is longer than your hair. ·                    Max’s story is the longest story I’ve ever heard.
One-syllable adjective with final -e Large Wise	Comparative Form   Larger Wiser	Superlative Form   The largest The wisest
·                    Max is wiser than his brother. ·                    Max is the wisest person I know.
One-syllable adjective ending with a single consonant with a single vowel before it Big Thin Fat	Comparative Form       Bigger Thinner Fatter	Superlative Form       The biggest The thinnest The fattest
·                    Max is thinner than John. ·                    Of all the students in the class, Max is the thinnest.
Two-syllable adjective Peaceful Pleasant Careful Thoughtful	Comparative Form More peaceful More pleasant More careful More thoughtful	Superlative Form The most peaceful The most pleasant The most careful The most thoughtful
·                    This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning. ·                    Max’s house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world.
Two-syllable adjective ending with –y Happy Angry Busy	Comparative Form   Happier Angrier Busier	Superlative Form   The happiest The angriest The busiest
·                    Mary is busier than Max. ·                    Mary is the busiest person I’ve ever met.
Two-syllable adjective ending with –er, -le, -ow Narrow Gentle	Comparative Form   Narrower Gentler	Superlative Form   The narrowest The gentlest
·                    The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city. ·                    This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.
Adjectives with three or more syllables Generous Important Intelligent	Comparative Form   More generous More important More intelligent	Superlative Form   The most generous The most important The most intelligent
·                    John is more generous than Jack. ·                    John is the most generous of all the people I know.
Exceptions
Irregular adjective Good Bad Far Little Many	Comparative Form Better Worse Farther Less More	Superlative Form The best The worst The farthest The least The most
·                    My cooking is worse than my mother’s cooking. ·                    Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst.

 Practice

Рис. 4. При­ме­ры сте­пе­ней срав­не­ния в ан­глий­ском языке

 Упражнение

Read the sentences and try to complete them.

E.g. Brian lives next door to Ted and Mike. When Ted bought a big car, Brian went out and bought a bigger one! And Mike got the biggest!

Ted decided to buy an expensive computer. So Brian had to go out and buy a ______________ computer. And Mike got the ____________! But why?

They work in the same office. Brian works ___________ (hard) than Mike.

Ted gets on ___________ (good) with the boss. But Mike is the ___________.

Although they are all clever, Mike is the ___________________ (lucky)!

And as a result he is the _______________ (happy)!

Ответ:

more expensive; most expensive

harder

better, best

luckiest

happiest

 Song

My love

My love is warmer than the warmest sunshine
Softer than a sigh
My love is deeper than the deepest ocean
Wider than the sky. 

My love is brighter than the brightest star 
That shines every night above
And there is nothing in this world
That can ever change my love. 

Something happened to my heart the day that I met you
Something that I never felt before
You are always on my mind, no matter what I do
And every day it seems I want you more. 

My love is warmer than the warmest sunshine
Softer than a sigh
My love is deeper than the deepest ocean
Wider than the sky. 

My love is brighter than the brightest star
That shines every night above
And there is nothing in this world
That can ever change my love. 

Once I thought that love was meant for anyone else but me
Once I thought you'd never come my way
Now it only goes to show how wrong we all can be
For now I have to tell you every day. 

My love is warmer than the warmest sunshine
Softer than a sigh
My love is deeper than the deepest ocean
Wider than the sky. 

My love is brighter than the brightest star
That shines every night above
And there is nothing in this world
That can ever change my love. 

My love is warmer than the warmest sunshine
Softer than a sigh
My love is deeper than the deepest ocean
Wider than the sky. 

My love is brighter than the brightest star
That shines every night above
And there is nothing in this world
That can ever change my love.