Условные предложения 2 и 3 типа. Conditionals Type 2 and 3

 Type 2 Conditionals

Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния со­сто­ят из двух ча­стей: if-clause и main clause (см. рис. 1).

При­мер:

If he comes late (if-clause), we will miss the train (main clause).

Рис. 1. Части услов­но­го пред­ло­же­ния

Type 2 Conditionals express an imaginary situation contrary to facts in the present or are used to give advice. (Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния 2 типа опи­сы­ва­ют во­об­ра­жа­е­мые си­ту­а­ции, от­но­ся­щи­е­ся к на­сто­я­ще­му, или ис­поль­зу­ют­ся для того, чтобы дать совет.)

Фор­му­ла услов­ных пред­ло­же­ний 2 типа: If-clause: if + Past Simple/Continuous, Main clause: would/could/might + bare infinitive (см. рис. 2).

При­мер:

If I saw a ghost, I would run away. (But I haven’t seen a ghost – untrue in present)

If I were you, I wouldn’t go out late. (Advice)

Рис. 2. Фор­му­ла услов­ных пред­ло­же­ний 2 типа

 Type 3 Conditionals

Type 3 Conditionals express an imaginary situation in the past or are used to express regrets and criticism. (Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния 3 типа опи­сы­ва­ют во­об­ра­жа­е­мые си­ту­а­ции, от­но­ся­щи­е­ся к про­шло­му, или ис­поль­зу­ют­ся для того, чтобы вы­ра­зить со­жа­ле­ние или кри­ти­ку.)

Фор­му­ла услов­ных пред­ло­же­ний 3 типа: If-clause: if + Past Perfect/Past Perfect Continuous, Main clause: would/could/might + have + Past Participle (=V₃) (см. рис. 3).

При­мер:

If I had closed the window, we wouldn’t have been robbed. (But I didn’t close the window – so it’s an untrue situation in the past)

If he hadn’t been behaving so badly, well, the teacher wouldn’t have punished him. (Сriticism)

Рис. 3. Фор­му­ла услов­ных пред­ло­же­ний 3 типа

 Особенности использования условных предложений

В услов­ных пред­ло­же­ни­ях 2 типа можно ис­поль­зо­вать were вме­сто was для всех ме­сто­име­ний.

При­мер:

If I was/were you, I would try harder. – На твоем месте я бы пы­тал­ся упор­нее.

Вме­сто if можно также ис­поль­зо­вать aslongas, providing, providedthat.

При­мер:

As long as he’s on time, we won’t be late for the meeting. (= If he’s on time…)

We’ll come by car providing/providedthat Dad lends us his. (= …if Dad lends us...)

Также можно опу­стить if, но тогда необ­хо­ди­мо по­ста­вить should, were или had (в Past Perfect) перед под­ле­жа­щим.

При­мер:

If he should turn up, tell him to wait for me. = Should he turn up, tell him to wait for me.

If I were you, I would speak to her. = Were I you, I would speak to her.

If he had known, he would have told us. = Had he known, he would have told us.

 

Mixed Conditionals

Ино­гда можно «со­еди­нить» услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния 2 и 3 типов.

При­мер:

If he knew her, he would have spoken to her. (The if-clause has type 2 and the main clause has type 3.)

If he had found a job, he wouldn’t be searching for one now. (The if-clause has type 3 and the main clause has type 2.)

 

Practice exercises

Упраж­не­ние 1

Complete the sentences to make type 2 conditionals.

При­мер: If I met my favourite film star, I’d be so excited.

1. If I lost my pet, ____________________________.

2. If I wanted to lose weight, ____________________________.

3. If I saw someone cheating in a test, ____________________________.

4. If I was able to travel back in time, ____________________________.

5. If I found € 20 outside a shop, _______________________________.

 

От­ве­ты к упраж­не­нию:

1. I would search everywhere for it.

2. I would join a gym.

3. I would tell my teacher.

4. I would invent something.

5. I would give it to the shopkeeper.

 

Упраж­не­ние 2

Complete the sentences to make type 3 conditionals. Look at the ideas.

При­мер: not buy/guitar → not learn/play one = If Jeff hadn’t bought a guitar, he wouldn’t have learnt how to play one.

1. not learn/play guitar → not join/band

2. not join/band → not be asked/play at party

3. not be asked/play at party→ not meet/band manager

4. not meet/band manager → not sign contract/record company

 

От­ве­ты к упраж­не­нию:

1. If Jeff hadn’t learnt how to play the guitar, he wouldn’t have joined the band.

2. If Jeff hadn’t joined the band, he wouldn’t have been asked to play at the party.

3. If Jeff hadn’t been asked to play at the party, he wouldn’t have met a band manager.

4. If Jeff hadn’t met a band manager, he wouldn’t have signed a contract with a record company.