Специальные вопросы в настоящем совершенном времени. Special Questions in Present Perfect
Повторите образование Present Perfect Tense.
|
Подлежащее Subject I/you/we/they He/she/it |
HAVE HAS have has |
Main Verb + -ed/III Основной Глагол + -ed/III played/written |
Обратите внимание! Глагол Have не переводится, так как это помощник (вспомогательный глагол), он помогает образовать Present Perfect Tense.
Основной глагол изменяется, он или прибавляет к себе окончания -ed (worked), или вообще переодевается в другую одежду (written/known).
|
Positive |
Positive Short Form |
|
I have played |
I've played |
|
you have worked |
you've worked |
|
he has written |
he's written |
|
she has walked |
she's walked |
|
it has rained |
it's rained |
|
we have travelled |
we've travelled |
|
they have known |
they've known |
Список неправильных глаголов
Формы неправильных глаголов необходимо выучить наизусть!
Irregular verbs
|
Base form |
Past Simple |
Past Participle |
Translation |
|
be become bring buy do eat find forget go have know leave lose make meet put read say send sing spend stand take tell throw win write
|
was/ were became broke brought bought cut did ate found flew forgot went grew had heard knew left lost made met put read [red] said sent sang spent stood took told threw won wrote |
been become broken brought bought cut done eaten found flown forgotten gone grown had heard known left lost made met put read [red] said sent sung spent stood taken told thrown won written |
быть становиться ломать приносить покупать резать делать кушать находить летать забывать идти расти иметь слышать знать оставлять, покидать терять делать встречать класть читать говорить, сказать посылать, отправлять петь тратить, проводить становиться брать говорить кидать, бросать выигрывать писать |
Отрицательная форма Present Perfect Tense
|
Negative |
Negative Short Form |
|
I have not eaten breakfast today |
I haven't eaten |
|
you have not been to Asia |
you haven't been |
|
he has not seen the new film |
he hasn't seen |
|
she has not played tennis |
she hasn't played |
|
it has not snowed this winter |
it hasn't snowed |
|
we have not slept all night |
we haven't slept |
|
they have not tried the food |
they haven't tried |
Вопросительная форма Present Perfect
|
'Yes / No' Questions |
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Have I missed the bus? |
|
Have you visited London? |
|
Has he worked as a teacher before? |
|
Has she met John? |
|
Has it been cold this week? |
|
Have we arrived too early? |
|
Have they studied English grammar before? |
О каком действии можно говорить, употребляя время Present Perfect?
Если вы хотите сказать о чем-то, что произошло в прошлом, но связано с настоящим, говоритe в Present Perfect. Этой конструкцией вы показываете, что для вас важно ЧТО произошло, а не когда произошло, важно, что от этого действия есть результат!
Рис. 1. Когда мы употребляем Present Perfect
Повторите вопросительные слова.
|
Question Word ВопросительноеСлово |
Transcription Транскрипция |
Translation/Explanation Перевод/Объяснение |
|
What |
[wɔt] |
что, какой / о вещах |
|
Who |
[hu:] |
кто / о человеке |
|
Where |
[wɛə] |
куда, где / о месте |
|
Why |
[waɪ] |
почему, зачем / о причине |
|
How |
[hau] |
как / о способе действия |
Рис. 2. Вопросительные слова
|
Question Word Вопросительные слова What Where Why How |
HAVE HAS have has |
Подлежащее Subject I/you/we/they he/she/it
|
Main Verb + -ed/III Основной Глагол + -ed/III? Played / written? |
What have you done today? – Что ты сделал сегодня?
Where have I left my umbrella? – Где я оставил зонт?
Why has it rained so much this summer? – Почему идет так много дождей этим летом?
How have you broken this cup? – Как ты разбил эту чашку?
Обратите внимание на вопросительное слово WHO. Используйте вспомогательный глагол has после who, если вы хотите узнать, кто совершил действие.
|
Question Word Вопросительное слово who |
HAS has |
Main Verb + -ed/III Основной Глагол + -ed/III? played/ written? |
Who has brought these flowers? – Кто принес эти цветы?
Who has been to Spain? – Кто был в Испании?
Who has learnt this poem by heart? – Кто выучил это стихотворение наизусть?
Упражнение
Составьте специальные вопросы в Present Perfect
Have / where / you / been? this house / how / you / have found? seen / Mary / who / has? has / why he brought / this thing? you / have / what / made / from wood? read / why / have / they / this text? this month / how many English words / you / have / learnt? has / who / bought / you / this new toy?
Правильные ответы:
Where have you been? How have you found this house? Who has seen Mary? Why has he brought this thing? What have you made from wood? Why have they read this text? How many English words have you learnt this month? Who has bought you this new toy?
Вопросы к конспектам
Задайте вопрос к предложению, используя вопросительные слова в скобках.
The teacher has seen Mike’s report. (who)
They have left for London. (where)
Lisa has eaten the cake. (what)
Dan has done the exercise well. (how)
He has laughed loudly. (why)
Найдите ошибку в каждом предложении.
Why has they left the country?
How have you break the arm?
Who have seen this film?
Where have he seen her?
What has I missed?